Decarbonizing Power System: The Roles of Wind Power and Energy Storage in Phasing out Fossil Fuels

The rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy storage technologies is driving decarbonization in power systems and accelerating the retirement of fossil-fuel power plants. However, the variability of renewables, shifts in the generation mix, and evolving environmental policies pose challenges to reliability, operations, planning, and costs. These complex dynamics highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the impacts of renewables and storage in phasing out fossil fuels and for effective strategies to support their integration across power systems and beyond.

This thesis develops analysis frameworks based on optimization models to study the interactions between wind power, energy storage, and conventional generators in power markets under the influence of decarbonization policies. It focuses on understanding the mechanisms driving short- and long-term changes in emissions, costs, and the evolution of the generation mix. The research further examines strategies for retiring fossil-fuel generation, evaluating trade-offs among investment costs, operational changes, and energy security, especially in constrained systems. Finally, the thesis proposes planning models for wind and storage systems in hydrogen production traditionally supported by fossil-fuel power, linking the decarbonization of power systems with broader energy and industrial sectors. By addressing these interconnected challenges, this thesis provides insights and strategies to enable a sustainable and reliable energy transition.

CHAIR: Professor Johanna Mathieu